The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essays

The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essays The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The Sydney S Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Based on the research methods undertaken and the literature reappraisal researched, the writer efforts to show the findings of the research. Based on the theore3tical grounds and the findings of the primary and secondary research, the findings will farther assist the writer to bring forth decisions and recommendations in order to enable the promotional schemes to assist in hiking a finishs full potency. The writer has researched on the instance survey of the 2000 Sydney Olympics, in peculiar due to their phenomenal success. This procedure has helped the writer to greatly understand the influence of Olympic Games to the touristry development of a finish and will besides assist him to do recommendations in the following chapter which could be applied to the hereafter Olympic host states like London. Sydney, Australia s largest metropolis is the capital of Australia s touristry industry and a popular gateway for the international tourers. Harmonizing to the Tourism Industry council NSW, more than 20 million visitants from Australia and around the universe travel to Sydney every twelvemonth. The NSW authorities has identified 29 regional touristry precincts within Sydney, each with its ain alone property. Sydney is a complete travel finish with arresting beautiful substructure like the Sydney seaport, the opera house, the Town hall Precinct, the parliament, which is the universe s oldest continually runing parliament and the Queen Victoria edifice, which was built as a green goods market to reflect Sydney s wealth, to the Sydney Aquarium reflecting its aquatic life, to its calm beaches and besides the museums and art galleries which are a contemplation of the rich native Aboriginal population of Sydney. Sydney, today is besides a really popular convention Centre in the universe, a nd generates more than $ 600 million a twelvemonth. Harmonizing to The Sydney touristry statistic study ( 2009 ) , Sydney received over 2.5 million international visitants which were 94.1 % of the visitants to NSW and 6.8 million domestic visitants which were 30.1 % of the visitants to NSW by the terminal of December 2009. 56. 2 % of these visitants were leisure travel visitants while 14 % were concern travel visitants. ( NSW Tourism Statistics, 2009 ) . Tourism contributes about $ 27 billion a twelvemonth to the NSW economic system and supports about 158,000 occupations across the State, half of which are in regional countries. The NSW Government has invested $ 51.9 million in the touristry sector, back uping local occupations and concerns. Harmonizing to the Minister for Tourism Jodi McKay, This investing recognises the function touristry plays in driving economic growing across NSW and how targeted support can back up occupations in the industry during these tough economic times. Ms McKay said that $ 30.4 million of the budget w ould fund a broad scope of selling, publicities and touristry undertakings. ( NSW Budget 2009-10, p2 ) Fixing THE BID FOR 2000 GAMES When Australia decided to offer for the Olympic Games in 1991, Sydney was barely on the Global map. Australia was still perceived as the Crocodile Dundee in many of its international markets. The Australian sellers wanted to alter this image of Australia and to project an image of a diverse and modern state with a alone expression and feel. Harmonizing to Interviewee 1 ( Appendix 1 ) , the concern development director ATC, for Sydney, NSW and Australia as a whole, Australia needed an event/ juncture that could supply a monolithic exposure and promotion to the universe and could assist set Australia on the Global Map. The 2000 Games non merely provided this chance but besides created a renewed consciousness of Australia. This position of the importance of finish s image is supported by Morgan A ; Pritchard ( 1998 ) who province that images are the currency of civilizations, reflecting and thereby reenforcing peculiar shared significances and beliefs and peculiar value systems. Harm onizing to Tasci and Kozak ( 2006 ) , finish image could be a important factor in the finish choice procedure of the visitants. Hence, the command was really of import to Sydney with a hope that it would assist to regenerate people s perceptual experiences of Australia as a finish. The Olympic Games are the biggest and most important landmark events in the universe. Hall ( 1992 ) in his book, Hallmark Tourist Events, references three chief driving factors for hosting mega-events: foremost, the honor and acknowledgment that comes from being chosen among international locales. Second, there is an extract of external support for capital undertakings which are justified by the events and 3rd, the economic stimulation that comes from readying for the events, the event itself and the touristry opportunities that follow the events. Harmonizing to Interviewee 3 ( Appendix3 ) the chief ground for Sydney command for 2000 games was to advance Sydney as a global metropolis and to give significant fiscal and economic benefits for Australia along with a positive impact on the metropolis s cultural and societal assets. Sydney s command was alone in a manner that it emphasised on the Green Games and the creed of an Athletes Games . Since the launch of its command in 1991 Sy dney emphasized on its committedness to green games and the province authorities s committedness to supplying the jock s with province of art athletics installations. ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004 ) . Deborah Meisegeier in her article of Sydney Olympics province s that the installations available to the jocks were so ideal that they received the unqualified indorsement of each of the 25 international federations stand foring all the athleticss of the summer Olympics. In add-on to the installations available, Sydney was a metropolis with natural beauty and boundless enthusiasm for athletics ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995 ) . In December 1990, the NSW Government asked the Federal Government for a grant of A $ 150 million to carry through its understanding with the AOC to instantly get down building of Stage One at Home shrub Bay with the balance to be funded by the NSW Government. on 11 March 1991, the AOC, the City of Sydney and the State of New South Wales signed th e contract backing Sydney as a campaigner to host the 2000 Olympic Games. This determination was embraced by Sydney and Australia as a whole including the autochthonal population and mass media. ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p14 ) . In March 1992, the NSW Prime Minister launched the Sydney Olympic Logo. The design by an Aboriginal creative person Ron Hurley consisted of an impressionistic additive intervention of the canvass of the Sydney Opera House in the five colorss of the Olympic rings. The passage from one coloring material to another was made by utilizing Aboriginal dot art technique. Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) of Tourism NSW province s that this intervention to the logo in peculiar reached out to the autochthonal population of Australia and the command was strongly embraced by them. The command programme was launched in March 1992 with a merriment walk on the Sydney seaport span which was participated by 130 000 Australians intoning the Share the Spirit command vocal and Banners and flags integrating the command logo were flown from Bridgess, range poles and edifices at over 700 locations. Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) besides mentions the attempts of the command squad who travelled extensively speciall y three months before the ballots to assorted topographic points like Africa and Asia go toing conferences and carry oning seminars to showcase to the universe that Sydney is capable of hosting an event with great magnitude and excellence. All this difficult work paid off when IOC declared Sydney the victor of 2000 Games on September 23, 1993. With respects to the action program for the games, Interviewee 1 provinces that the NSW authorities realised that planning and organizing the games was a full clip extended occupation and hence in 1993, the NSW authorities put into action its game program with the constitution of the 5 chief commissions which would be responsible for looking after and developing assorted sectors for the games. In 1993, the Sydney Organising Committee for Olympic Games [ SOCOG ] , The Olympic Co-ordinating Authority [ OCA ] , The Olympic Road and Transportation Authority [ ORTA ] , Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation [ SOBO, and Olympic Security Command Ce ntre [ OSCC ] came into signifier. The maps and importance of these commissions is explained farther in this chapter. The estimated budget for the Games was $ 2.3 Billion which was later revised to 2.6 billion, including $ 674 million on installations and locales. In add-on, the Federal and New South Wales authoritiess have allocated $ 4.1 billion for transit undertakings slated to be completed by 2000 ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995, P3 ) . Interviewee 3 provinces that SOCOG and the NSW authorities believed that the Games will assist Sydney to step into the new millenary with a confident, bright and better hereafter if the games are successful. RESTORING FOR THE GAMES The thought of sustainable athletics is comparatively new both in athleticss and environmental circles ( Lenskyj, 2000, P155 ) . Although environmentalism is outstanding as a planetary societal, its application to athleticss merely occurred during the recent times ( Cashman, 2006, P191 ) . Getz ( 1997, P33 ) emphasises that mega events like the Olympic games have multiple intents. They help the hosting metropoliss in urban reclamation and renovation strategies and aid to regenerate decayed or underutilized interior countries. A perfect illustration of this could be seen in the 2000 games where Australia developed an ambitious environmental plan, known as green Games 2000 , which enabled Australia to offer the first eco-friendly Games and the push to win the Sydney 2000 Olympic games. Interviewee 1 provinces that Australia was ever proud to be an environmental painstaking state and hence, felt the demand to integrate this in their command ( Appendix1 ) . He states that the NSW autho rities felt that a successful command would be the 1 that included the turning planetary concerns. The five cardinal environmental countries of the green games were H2O preservation, waste turning away and minimization, pollution turning away, and the protection of important natural and cultural environments. The NSW authorities had chosen the Homebush Bay country for the creative activity of the Olympic Park and small town. At the clip of the command, the Homebush bay was the site for butcheries, mills and an industrial shit. In malice of being located strategically, this country for long was a dumping land and environmentally ignored country. Miss Interviewee 4 of the Sydney Olympic Park Authority states that, the homebush bay country was considered to be developed even before the command for the 2000 games, but the program was neer formulated. However, the command s promise of Green Games gave a opportunity to the NSW authorities to develop the Homebush bay country into one of t he universe s great sporting and recreational Parkss and Olympic small town. Following the Green Guidelines, noticeable environmental development took topographic point in the homebush bay country like, seting 100 000 bushs and 7000 trees, edifice of the largest solar-powered suburb in the universe by usage of photovoltaic cells on all lasting houses in the Olympic Village, debut of the usage of recycled and purified H2O for lavatory flushing and landscape lacrimation and extended usage of recycled edifice stuff. These enterprises resulted in major environmental accomplishments including a decrease in nursery gas emanations by about 10 000 metric tons a twelvemonth compared to similar installations. In add-on these steps guarantee that around 500 million liters of H2O a twelvemonth will be saved from Sydney s chief supply ; over 2.9 million kilogram of edifice waste were recycled, during construction/renovation ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p39 ) .the promise of 5 environme ntal factors was put into action when the SOCOG declared that the Olympic small town will be a theoretical account of environmental consciousness where solar power will be used for street lighting, H2O warming and air conditioning. Bathing and kitchen H2O will be treated on-site for reuse and garden and there will be a prohibition on the usage of environmentally harmful gases in air conditioning, infrigidation and 500 insularity. A perfect illustration of it was seen when Coca-Cola the official patron of the Games was banned from utilizing the harmful HFC gases in infrigidation ( Sydney Olympic and Environment, 1995, P2 ) . Harmonizing to Cashman, the environment record of the 2000 Games was one of the reflecting accomplishments of the Games ( Cahsman, 2006, P196 ) . Prasad and snow in 2004 stated that the solar inventions at the Olympic small town are capturing the imaginativeness of single householders through authorities support programmes such as the PV ( photo Gur ) discount pr ogramme. Giving more inside informations of this programme, Interviewee 4 ( Appendix4 ) states that this is a programme, wherein family, concerns and community groups that install eligible small-scale solar photovoltaic, air current and hydro electricity systems would be eligible to have a discount for the solar recognition. the programme has rebated $ 8,000 since nov2007 and installed more than 50,000 systems ( Solar Homes and Community Plan, Australian Govt. Department of environment and H2O, 2009 ) . DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE Page and Hall ( 2003 ) province that mega-events can move as a accelerator to speed uping urban alteration. Events like Olympic games can be used as mechanisms to consequence both short and long term alterations to the societal and physical wellbeing of the metropolis. This was really clearly apparent in instance of the Sydney 2000 games which corporate three major urban development enterprises ( Searle, 2002 ) . First was the building of Olympic small town on the 84ha excess defense mechanism site near to the Olympic park. This small town as celebrated earlier was to be built on strong rules of ecologically sustainable development. As Miss Interviewee 4 ( Appendix 4 ) stated from the Olympic study, 2004, after the games this small town would organize a new uptown suburb which would house 5000 people and would promote Sydney s urban conurbation. The second was the building of Sydney s largest urban park on the site of industrial shit. a major metropolitan park, known as the Millenniu m Parklands was constructed, supplying several ecologically distinguishable countries, nature corridors, home grounds and both active and inactive recreational chances. The 3rd enterprise was with respects to the development of conveyance system where in a rail line was to be built linking the Olympic small town and park to the remainder of the rail web so that the usage of public conveyance can be improved and maximised ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p55 ) . To transport out these enterprises, the SOCOG formed a separate Authority known as the Olympic Road Transport Authority [ ORTA ] in 1997 ( Cashman, 2006, P201 ) . The Nsw authorities subsequently passed on the ORTA Act under which particular Olympic lanes were created. A vehicle could non be driven in an Olympic lane unless it was a public coach or cab, constabulary or exigency vehicle, or was exposing an official Olympic license. Olympic lanes were merely used on specific paths where three traffic lanes were available in that way of travel ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p45 ) . The Sydney airdrome was upgraded at the cost of $ 2 billion. The consequence of this development to the conveyance system led to the smooth and effectual running of public conveyance during the games. With the immense figure of people choosing for public conveyance, the traffic during the games was besides reduced. Furthermore, as the jocks small town and park were in close propinquity and the determination of the SOCOG to present the games in one location within propinquity of 30 proceedingss travel clip from one another required the jocks and media to set about limited manager travel. The conveyance scheme for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games minimised emanations from vehicles due to the heavy trust on public conveyance. Interviewee 1 provinces that the attempts of ORTA paid away and the imperativeness both local and international plauded the organizers for smooth conveyance operations ( Appendix 1 ) . He besides s tates that the long-run consequence of the betterment to the conveyance system is that the residential agreeableness of many inter-city streets has improved. Harmonizing to Cashman ( 2006 ) , the gap of the Cross metropolis tunnel and the building of the Western Sydney Orbital are few among the many long term programs to better Sydney s transit. Development of Hotel Sector The hotel sector is one of the most important countries of development during any mega event. It is a known fact that big hotels increase their capacities of aid suit the Olympic visitants during the games. There is a immense private investing in the hotel sector. Sydney had increased its hotel room capacity by 25 % for the games. The hotel tenancy was about 100 % throughout the game period. A cardinal substructure proviso for the long-run hereafter of Homebush Bay was the constitution of a hotel right in the bosom of the composite. The Novotel and Ibis Hotel was built right following to Olympic Park station. The hotel complex features 168-room Novotel Hotel and an adjoining 150-room Ibis Hotel. The 19-storey high Novotel Hotel is the tallest edifice on site and provides a birds-eye position over the whole Sydney Olympic Park and as far off as the Sydney CBD from its observation deck. The Regent Sydney, designated the Official IOC Hotel of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, p321 ) . Deborah Mesegeier ( 1995 ) states that in an attempt to command the hotel and nutrient costs, agreements were made to guarantee visitants a cost effectual stay. Hotel rates, including nutrient cost, drinks and wash were based on the norm published monetary values two old ages before the start of the games. Research workers like, Cashman ( 2006 ) , Lenskyj ( 2002 ) and chalip ( 2000 ) have talked about the hotels being closed down or being underutilised after the games, turn outing to be an economic drain to the finish. Both Interviewee 1 and Interviewee 2 province that the NSW authorities was to the full cognizant of this wake and had started taking stairss to avoid this even before the games ( Appendix 1 A ; 2 ) . As a measure towards this the NSW authorities and SOCOG had developed the publicity of MICE touristry particularly at the Olympic park. Chalip ( 2002 ) He noted that the Olympic games have great possible to excite conference and convention concern. Mentioning to the intelligence article by Brooke in 2004, Interviewee 2 says that between the clip Sydney won the command until 1999 Sydney had won 202 commands for MICE concern. The tenancy rate was about 70-80 % in 2001. Over AU $ 500 million were budgeted from the MICE and conference concern four old ages following the games. Brooke ( 2004 ) has mentioned that thanks to the conventions, tenancies at the Novotel Sydney Olympic park averaged to 76 % motivating the Accor group to open its 3rd hotel in the composite in 2004 and a 4th one was unfastened within two old ages in 2006 ( Brooke 2004, the New York times ) . The attending from conventions was at 1.5 million delegates in 2004 which was three clip the 251,280 delegates in 2001 ( Chaplin 2002, P8 ) Developing and Showcasing Australia s Culture Harmonizing to Cashman ( 2006 ) , civilization is an of import facet of the Olympic games. The cultural accent was based on the sentiment that athleticss should play an educational function and be a portion of the balanced development of both the person and the community ( Cashman, 2006, P54 ) . The 7.19 proceedingss presentation of Australia with 12 male childs siting bikes covered with hyperbolic plastic Kangaroos, having Aboriginal motives at the Atlanta shutting ceremonial proved that Australia was good cognizant and ready to hard currency in on the importance of showing Australia to the universe with a new international cultural individuality ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004 ) .hall ( 1992 ) states that mega events like the Olympics present an chance to expose local accomplishments and cultural attitudes. Interviewee 1 references the Cultural Olympiad, a cultural plan that expressed humanity s quest for peace and harmoniousness ( Appendix1 ) . The plan was to take topograp hic point at seven degrees. The first was the festival of Dreaming which introduced the thought of Aboriginal dreamtime and the importance of ocean. The following was the festival of Awakening which was meant to accommodate the autochthonal and the non-indigenous. The sea of alteration which focused on the part that geographic expedition and in-migration has made for the development of civilization followed. This was followed by making the universe where Australia presented its best acting humanistic disciplines with an accent to the plants of Aboriginal creative persons and performing artists. The cultural programme ended with the festival of Harbour of Life which showcased the universe s many religions, civilizations and societal traditions as one. The cultural programme was received really good by the universe audience. The subject of cultural unity continued to the gap ceremonial where strong public presentations by many autochthonal people executing their traditional dan ces as portion of the Ceremony illustrated the topographic point they fill in the history of this land and in its present ( Knight, SOCOG Official Report, 2004, P335 ) . Sydney s cultural Olympiad was considered a great success to Australian as it helped the authorities to bond with the Aboriginal population and improves its dealingss with them. The NSW authorities and the SOCOG realised and understood the Acceptance and jubilation of diverseness played its portion in pulling the Games to Sydney and in March 2000 established the Aboriginal Cultural Centre at the Olympic park. A twelvemonth after the Olympics the ignite festival was aid at the Olympic park to tag the day of remembrance of 2000 games. Assorted festivals, concerts, exhibitions and events were held. It celebrated the lighting of the caldron at the Olympic park and the park was unfastened to public as a symbol of multi-cultural community. Tourism Promotion Harmonizing to the Tourism Forecasting Council ( 2001 ) , the Olympic Games present an chance to foreground to one million millions of possible tourers what the host state offers as an international finish. It gives a alone chance to advance its touristry merchandise to the international and domestic markets on an unprecedented graduated table. Interviewee 1 ( Appendix1 ) states that with this in head the NSW authorities, Tourism NSw and the Australian Tourist committee ensured that maximal touristry benefit is derived from this one time in a life clip chance. He states that to Australia the 2000 games were non an event of 3-4 hebdomads but were aureate chance to harvest touristry both before and after the games. The ATC obtained US $ 6.7 million from Australian authorities to maximize the touristry chance presented by the 2000 games. The ATC developed a scheme under the slogan Australia 2000-fun and games , which was aimed to better and add value to Australia s international image. ( ATC Olympic touristry Strategy, 2001, P2 ) . With mention to this scheme, Interviewee 3 ( Appendix 3 ) provinces that over 1,000 single undertakings were implemented over a period of four old ages. These resulted into an extra 1.6 million visitants passing US $ 3.5 billion and bring forthing 11 % addition in visitant reachings in 2000. ( ATC Olympic touristry scheme, 2001, P3-4 ) . one of the most successful among the pre-Game touristry publicity undertakings was set uping a dedicated cyberspace web site, www.2000.australia.com. Visitors to australia.com increased merely before the games with the bringing of 7million pages of information. Talking about the website Interviewee 1 ( Appendix 1 ) says that the site contained all the information on the tourer topographic points in Australia along with regular updated information and occurrences taking up to the games. Australia made its presence felt to the universe right from the shutting ceremonial of the Atlanta Games. Towards the terminal of the Atlanta Games, ATC produced several images, docudramas and short movies showcasing Australia. It was watched on telecasting by 3.5 billion people worldwide ( ATC scheme, 2001, P8 ) . It besides conducted Australian Showcase at the shutting ceremonial in Atlanta. The ATC conducted 14 international trade shows along with Tourism NSW and the Sydney Convention and Visitors bureau showcasing Australia non merely as a tourer finish but besides as a finish for merriment filled serious concern with the province of art convention and meeting installations. At all the shows and conventions, the ATC distributed around 2000 media kits that included 50 featured narratives, 86 images one Cadmium ROM and 30 proceedingss of broadcast quality footage covering Australia ( ATC Strategy, 2001, P13 ) . Chaplin ( 2000 ) has pointed out an issue which could be seen repeating in many host metropoliss of the games. He says that, in Olympic twelvemonth, some tourer in cardinal international m arkets might see Australia as being closed during the Games for tourers. In malice of the fact that the games are held for merely three hebdomads, tourers try to avoid the host metropolis all twelvemonth unit of ammunition during the Olympic twelvemonth. With Australia this could hold been a serious job as Sydney remains the chief travel finish among all tourer paths. With regard to this facet in peculiar, Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) says that this was non truly a job with Australia as along with the Australia 2000-Fun and Games run, the ATC had besides launched the Olympic Effect- Be portion of the action run in which the ATC teamed up with the circuit operators and encouraged them to reassure the visitants that Australia would stay unfastened for concern and touristry before and during the games. Under this programme short profile and narratives on Australia s diverse parts and attractive forces were made and featured throughout the Olympic coverage. The official domestic travel provider, Traveland, developed an array of Tourss that Olympic visitants could buy for travel outside Sydney before, during or after the Games. Cartan, the company responsible for marketing the Sydney Olympics in the United States, included pre- and post-Games travel bundles in its booklets. They offered trips to Uluru, the Great Barrier Reef, and Melbourne. ( Chaplin, 2002 ) . The success of this scheme was apparent from the ATC study of 2001 which showed an 11 % growing in touristry and immense tourer reachings in Australian metropoliss like, Victoria, Brisbane and Queensland during a period taking up to the Olympics ( ATC touristry scheme, 2001, P6 ) . However, one of the most astonishing and alone manner of showcasing Australia was the Olympic Torch Relay. Chaplin ( 2000 ) states that no host state has taken such a good advantage of showcasing it as a touristry finish. Interviewee 3 agrees that the torch relay was really alone and positive one to the Sydney Olympics. The ATC ha d worked really closely with the relay contrivers to utilize images that will showcase Australia as a possible tourer finish. The relay began at Uluru, Australia s most important touristic topographic point, the site of universe s largest monolith. From there the torch was taking to another touristic site of the Great Barrier Reef, to Mount Isa in Queensland and 1000 Australian town Showcasing the existent Australia to the universe. Interviewee 1 says that the relay attracted huge crowd in peculiar as it was the longest torch relay in the history of the games and travelled over 27 000 kilometers carried by 11 000 torchbearers ( Appendix 1 ) . Since winning the command in 1993, the NSW authorities and ATC was really clear of harvesting maximal benefits to Australia as a touristry finish. The post- games touristry development programs and thoughts were set in gesture even before the beginning of the games. Talking about the post-game touristry activities, Interviewee 2 ( Appendix 2 ) says that touristry NSW s station games activity has built upon the work done in the lead-up and during the games. One of the most of import among these was to supply excess support to Brand Australia run started in 1995 before the games. A short promotional picture entitled Australian Games produced by ATC after the games, demonstrated a changed attack to finish selling. It represented Australia as a lively and technologically advanced society. Cashman ( 2006 ) identified the post-games period as the most productive period for touristry. The ATC touristry scheme ( 2001 ) stated that necessary programs and actions have to be implemented while the universe was still fixed on Australia. The legion arresting images of Sydney and Australia with tonss of awards for the success of the games placed Australia in a really powerful place in the international touristry market. The ATC instantly directed a immense selling run to redevelop ATC s cyberspace web site Australia.com to post images of the assorted locales of games, the torch relay along with a figure of positive remarks and infusions from interviews and conferences about Australia. With the Australia- unfastened for concern run already running during the lead up to the games, the NSW authorities and ATC worked towards edifice of the Meeting, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions ( MICE ) sector of concern touristry. In 2001 the New Century, New World. Australia 2001 run was started to pull the corporate sector to utilize Australia as a major MICE finish. This scheme seems to hold a positive impact with Sydney today, being figure one conference and convention Centre i n the universe. Sydney won more than 200 commands between 1999 and 2001 and the economic value of the MICE command activity is said to bring forth AU $ 500 million over four old ages following the games ( Chaplin, 2000, P9 ) . Harmonizing the touristry study of TAC, Australia s inward touristry had a strong growing rate of 7.8 % over 2001 to 2010, with 10.2 million visitants expected in 2010. Media Communications and Promotions Nielsen ( 2001 ) references that media is an of import portion in a finish s image formation. This includes the print media, newspapers, diaries, broadcast media like wireless and telecasting and the most popular cyberspace. It acts as a bearer to supply direct information ; society attributes to the populace and creates an image and world. Australia has one of the most sophisticated and extended media webs in the universe. For Australia to shift itself on the universe map, the Australian media was a factor of major importance. Cashman ( 2006 ) says that surveies of the old host metropoliss have shown the importance of managing media to the success of the games. with this in head the Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation was set up to organize the media and was responsible for telecasting the Games to an estimated cumulative planetary audience of 30 billion people. SOBO s function was to supply coverage of every Olympic competition for more than 200 telecasting and wireless Rights Holders. Lenskyj ( 2002 ) says that the Australian media played and indispensable function in determining public sentiment refering Sydney Olympics and to hike public support for all things Olympic ( Lenskyj, 2002, p13 ) . Alternatively of restricting its rights to one functionary Olympic media, the authorities decided to hold two major media patrons: Fairfax and News limited. The torch and ticket gross revenues were given to News Limited and the voluntary enlisting and art festival was given to Fairfax ( Lenskyj, 2002, P16 ) . Cashman says that Y making this the SOCOG ensured that it reached out to both the